arieh

Arieh Ben-Naim

university of jerusalem

campus

s=klogw

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    Books

    1. Water and Aqueous Solutions, Introduction to a Molecular Theory, Plenum Press, NY (1974). Republished in paper back by Springer
    2. Hydrophobic Interactions, Plenum Press, New York (1980). Republished in paper back by Springer
    3. Solvation Thermodynamics, Plenum Press, NY (1987).Republished in paper back by Springer
    4. Statistical Thermodynamics for Chemists and Biochemists, Plenum Press, (1992).Republished in paper back by Springer (FMI)
    5. Cooperativity and Regulation in Biochemical Systems, Kluwer /Plenum Publications, NY (2001)Republished in paper back by Springer. (For more)
    6. Molecular Theory of Solutions, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (2006) (For more information)
    7. Entropy-Demystified, the Second Law of Thermodynamics Reduced to Plain Common Sense, World Scientific, Singapore (2007). (FMI=For more information)
    8. A Farewell to Entropy. Statistical Thermodynamics Based on Information, World Scientific, Singapore (2008) (For more information)
    9. Molecular Theory of Water and Aqueous Solutions, Part I: Understanding Water. World Scientific, Singapore (2009). (For more information)
    10. Discover Entropy and the Second Law, World Scientific, Singapore (2010) (For more� information)
    11. Alice's Adventures in Water-land with Roberta Ben-Naim, World Scientific, Singapore (2010) (FMI)
    12. Molecular Theory of Water, and Aqueous Solutions. Part II: Role of Water in Protein Folding Self Assembly & Molecular Recognition. World Scientific, Singapore (2010)  (For more  information)
    13. Entropy and the Second. Interpretation and Misss-Interpretationsss, World Scientific, Singapore (2012)  (For more  information)
    14. The Protein Folding Problem and its Solutions, World Scientific, Singapore (2013). )  (FMI)
    15. Alice's Adventures in Molecular Biology, with Roberta Ben-Naim, World Scientific , Singapore (2013)  (FMI)
    16. Statistical Thermodynamics, with Applications to Life Sciences, World Scientific, Singapore (2014)
    17. Discover Probability; How to Use it, How to Avoid Misusing it and How it Affects Every Aspect of Your Life, World Scientific, Singapore (2014).
    18. Information, Entropy, Life and the Universe. What we know and what we do not know, World Scientific, Singapore (2015)
    19. Myths and Verities in Protein Folding Theories, (For more information) World Scientific, Singapore (2016).
    20. TheBriefest History of Times, (For more information) World Scientific, Singapore (2016)
    21. Entropy, the Truth, the Whole Thruth World Scientific, Singapore (2016)
    22. Modern Thermodynamics, World Scientific, Singapore (2016)
    23. Information Theory, Part I: An Introduction to the fundamental concepts, World Scientific, (2017)
    24. The Four Laws That Do Not Drive The Universe, , For the Curious and intelligent, World Scientific, Singapore (2017)
    25. Time's Arrow: The Timeless Nature of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Lulu Publishing Services, (2018)
    26. Comprehensive Reviews: Parts I and II: From Decoding to Programing the Universe. Lulu Publishing Services, (2018)
    27. Comprehensive Reviews: Parts III and IV: From Eternity to Here and to the Big Picture, Lulu Publishing Services, (2018)
    28. Comprehensive Reviews: Parts V and VI, On Probability of God and Proof of Heaven, Lulu Publishing Services, (2018)
    29. Entropy for smart kids and their curious parents, Cambridge Scholar Publ (2019)
    30. Time for Everyone and Time for Everything (2020) (Figures for the book)
    31. ENTROPY: The Greatest Blunder in the History of science� (2021) Some appendices
    32. Water and Life, World Scientific Pub (2020)

     

    Publications

    1. A. Ben-Naim, A new method of defining the activity functions of non-ideal gases and solutions, J. Chem. Ed., 39, 242-245 (1962).
    2. A. Ben-Naim and S. Baer, Method of measuring solubility of slightly soluble gases in liquids, Trans. Faraday Soc., 59, 2735-2738 (1963).
    3. A. Ben-Naim and S. Baer, Solubility and thermodynamics of solution of argon in water + ethanol system, Trans. Faraday Soc., 60, 1736-1741 (1964).
    4. A. Ben-Naim, Thermodynamics of solution of gases in aqueous solutions, Ph.D.
    5. Thesis, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (1964).
    6. A. Ben-Naim, Solubility of noble gases in water and the relation to the structure of water, Israel J. Chem., 2, 278-279 (1964).
    7. A. Ben-Naim, On the difference between the thermodynamic behavior of argon in D2O and H2O, J. Chem. Phys., 42, 1512-1514 (1965).
    8. A. Ben-Naim and G. Moran, Solubility and thermodynamics of solution of argon in water + p-dioxane system, Trans. Faraday Soc., 61, 821-825 (1965).
    9. A. Ben-Naim, On the origin of the stabilization of the structure of water by non-electrolytes, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 1922-1927 (1965).
    10. A. Ben-Naim, Thermodynamics of aqueous solutions of noble gases, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 3240-3245 (1965).
    11. A. Ben-Naim, Thermodynamics of aqueous solutions of noble gases Part II:
    12. Effect of non-electrolytes, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 3245-3250 (1965).
    13. A. Ben-Naim and M. Egel-Thal, Thermodynamics of aqueous solutions of noble gases Part III:  Effect of electrolytes, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 3250-3253 (1965).
    14. Baer and A. A. Ben-Naim, On the second order rate equation (letter to the editor), J. Chem. Ed., 43, 680 (1966).
    15. A. Ben-Naim, Solubility and thermodynamics of solution of argon in mixtures of H2O and D2O, J. Chem. Phys., 45, 1848-1849 (1966).
    16. A. Ben-Naim, Structural shifts in water and their influence on the solubility of gases, J. Chem. Phys., 45, 2706-2707 (1966).
    17. A. Ben-Naim, Thermodynamics of aqueous solutions of noble gases Part IV: Effect of tetra-alkyl-ammonium salts, J. Chem. Phys., 71, 1137-1138 (1967).
    18. A. Ben-Naim and H.L. Friedman, On the application of the scaled particle theory to aqueous solutions of non-polar gases, J. Phys. Chem., 71, 448-449 (1967).
    19. A. Ben-Naim, Solubility and thermodynamics of solutions of argon in water-methanol system, J. Phys. Chem., 71, 4002-4007 (1967).
    20. F.H. Stillinger, Jr., and A. A. Ben-Naim, Liquid vapor interface potential for water, J. Phys. Chem., 47, 4431-4437 (1967).
    21. H.L. Friedman and A. Ben-Naim, Calculation of the effect of non-Brownian motion on some DC transport coefficients in solutions, J. Chem. Phys., 48, 120-127 (1968).
    22. A. Ben-Naim, Solubility and thermodynamics of solutions of argon in water ethylene-glycol system, J. Phys. Chem., 72, 2998-3001 (1968).
    23. F. H. Stillinger, Jr., and A. Ben-Naim, Relation between local structure and thermodynamic properties in aqueous fluids, J. Phys. Chem., 73, 900-907 (1969).    
    24. A. Ben-Naim, Hole and particle distribution in water, J. Chem. Phys., 50, 404-407 (1969).
    25. R.A. Lovett and a. Ben-Naim, One dimensional model for aqueous solutions of inert gases, J. Chem. Phys., 7, 3108-3119 (1969)
    26. A. Ben-Naim, Statistical Mechanical Theory of Liquid Water, Proceedings of a Symposium on “Structure and Physical-Chemical Properties of Water,” Florence, Italy (1969).
    27. A. Ben-Naim, Application of an approximate Percus-Yevick equation for liquid water, J. Chem. Phys., 52, 5531-5541 (1970).
    28. A. Ben-Naim, On the partial molar heat capacity of non-polar gases in aqueous solutions, Trans Faraday Soc., 66, 2749-2760 (1970).
    29. A. Ben-Naim, Statistical mechanical study of hydrophobic interaction, Part I: Interaction between two identical non-polar solute particles, J. Chem. Phys., 54, 1387-1404 (1971).

      28.      A. Ben-Naim, Statistical Mechanics of “water-like” particles in Two
    Dimensions, Part I:  Interaction between two identical non-polar solute-
    particles, J. Chem. Phys., 54, 3682-2695 (1971).
    29. A. Ben-Naim, Statistical mechanical study of hydrophobic interaction, Part II:
    Interaction among a set of M identical spherical and non-polar solute particles,
    J. Chem. Phys., 54, 3696-3711 (1971).
    30.   A. Ben-Naim and F.H. Stillinger, Jr., Aspects of the statistical-mechanical
    theory of water, in: Water and Aqueous Solutions (R.A. Horne, ed.), chapter 8,
    pp. 295-330, Wiley Sons, New York (1972).
    31.   A. Ben-Naim, Thermodynamics of dilute aqueous solutions of non-polar
    solutes, in: Water and Aqueous Solutions (R.A. Horne, ed.), Chapter 11, pp.
    425-467, Wiley Sons, New York (1972).
    32.   A. Ben-Naim, Simulation of hydrophobic interaction in a two dimensional
    system, Chem. Phys. Letters, 11, 389-392 (1971).
    33.   A. Ben-Naim, Can hydrogen bonds be formed by the addition of a solute to a
    hydrogen-bonded solvent? Chem. Phys. Letters, 13, 406-408 (1972).
    34.   A. Ben-Naim, Mixture-model approach to the theory of classical fluids, Part I,
    J. Chem. Phys., 56, 2865-2859 (1972).
    35.   A. Ben-Naim, Mixture-model approach to the theory of classical fluids, Part II:
    Application to liquid water, J. Chem. Phys., 57, 3605-3612 (1972).
    36.   A. Ben-Naim, Statistical mechanical study of hydrophobic interaction, Part III:
    Generalization and further applications, J. Chem. Phys., 57, 5257-5265 (1972).
    37.   A. Ben-Naim, Statistical mechanical study of hydrophobic interaction, Part IV:
    The behavior of the function Y(R) at short distances, J. Chem. Phys., 57, 5266-
    5269 (1972).
    38.   A. Ben-Naim, Application of statistical mechanics in the study of liquid water,
    in: Water:  A Comprehensive Treatise, the Physics and Physical Chemistry of
    Water, (F. Franks, ed.), Vol. I, Chapter 11, Plenum Press, New York (1972).
    39.   A. Ben-Naim, Molecular theories and models of water and dilute aqueous
    solutions in: Water:  A Comprehensive Treatise, the Physics and Physical
    Chemistry of Water, (F. Franks, ed., Vol. 11, Chapter II, Plenum Press, New
    York (1972).

     

    1.        
      40.   A. Ben-Naim, A mixture-model approach to the theory of classical fluids, Part
      III:  Application to aqueous solutions of non-electrolytes, Statistical Physics, 7,
      3-30 (1973).
      41.   A. Ben-Naim, Statistical mechanics of “water-like” particles in two dimensions,
      Part II:  One component system, Molecular Physics, 24, 705-721 (1972).
      42.   A. Ben-Naim, Statistical mechanics of “water-like particles in two dimensions,
      Part III: Two component system, hydrophobic interactions, Molecular Physics,
      24, 723-733 (1972).
      43.   A. Ben-Naim, J. Wilf and M. Yaacobi, Hydrophobic interaction in light and
      heavy water, J. Phys. Chem., 77, 95-102 (1973).
      44.   M. Yaacobi and A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic interaction in water-ethanol
      system, J. Solution Chem., 2, 425-443 (1973).
      45.   A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic interaction, in: Sveme Conseil International de
      chimie “Electrostatic Interactions and Structure of Water”, Solvay Conference,
      June (1972).
      46.   A. Ben-Naim and M. Yaacobi, Effects of solutes on hydrophobic interaction,
      and its temperature dependence, J. Phys. Chem., 78, 170-175 (1974).
      47.   M. Yaacobi and A. Ben-Naim, solvophobic interaction, J. Phys. Chem., 78,
      175-178 (1974).
      48.   A. Ben-Naim, Generalized molecular distribution functions, J. Chem. Phys., 59,
      6535-6555 (1973).
      49.   A. Ben-Naim, Recent developments in the molecular theory of liquid water, in:
      Water, as Liquid and Solvent, (W. Luck, ed.), pp. 93-114, Verlag Chemie,
      Germany (1974).
      50.   A. Ben-Naim, Water and Aqueous Solutions, Introduction to a Molecular
      Theory, Plenum Press, New York (1974).
      51.   A. Ben-Naim and M. Yaacobi, Hydrophobic interaction in water-dioxane
      system, J. Phys. Chem. 79, 1263-1267 (1975).
      52.   A. Ben-Naim, Structure breaking and structure promoting processes in aqueous
      solutions, J. Phys. Chem.  79, 1268-1274 (1975).
      53.   A. Ben-Naim, Aspect of molecular theories of water, a lecture in the 8th
      International Conference on the Properties of Water and Steam, Hyeres-Giens,
      France, pp. 911-917 (September 1974).
      54.   A. Ben-Naim, Solubility, hydrophobic interaction and structural changes in the
      solvent, in: Chemistry and Physics of Aqueous Gas Solutions, W. Adams. editor,
      Electrochemical Society (1975).
      55.   A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic interaction and structural changes in the solvent
      Biopolymers, 14, 1337-1355 (1975).
      56.   A. Ben-Naim, Solute and solvent effects on chemical equilibrium, J. Chem.
      Phys., 63, 2064-2073 (1975).
      57.   A. Ben-Naim, Molecular origin of ideal solutions and small deviations from
      ideality, in: Solution and Solubility, a volume in the Techniques of Chemistry,
      series (A. Weissberger and M.R.H. Dack, eds.), Vol. 8, pp. 29-103, Wiley
      Interscience, New York (1975).
      58.   A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic interaction, in: Colloques Internationaux du Centre
      National de la Recherche Scientifique, L’eau et les Systemes Biologiques, pp.
      215-221, Roscoff (June 1975).
      59.   R. Tenne and A. Ben-Naim, Effect of tetraalkylammonium salts on the
      hydrophobic interaction, J. Phys. Chem., 80, 1120-1122 (1976).
      60.   A. Ben-Naim and R. Tenne, Application of the scaled particle theory to the
      problem of hydrophobic interaction, J. Chem. Phys., 67, 627-635 (1977).
      61.   R. Tenne and A. Ben-Naim, Application of the scaled particle theory to the
      problem of hydrophobic interaction, Part II: Mixtures of water and ethanol, J.
      Chem. Phys., 67, 4632-4635 (1977).
      62.   A. Ben-Naim, Inversion of the Kirkwood-Buff theory of solutions:  Application
      to the water-ethanol system, J. Chem. Phys., 67, 4884-4890 (1977).
      63.   A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic interaction, Phys. Chem. Liq., 7, 375-385 (1977).
      64.   A. Ben-Naim, Statistical mechanics of aqueous fluids, in: Progress in Liquid
      Physics (C.A. Croxton, ed.) pp. 429-453, Wiley, New York (1978).
      65.   A. Ben-Naim, Standard thermodynamics of transfer:  Uses and misuses, J. Phys.
      Chem., 82, 792-803 (1978).
      66.   A. Ben-Naim, A simple model for demonstrating the relation between
      solubility, hydrophobic interaction and structural changes in the solvent, J.
      Phys. Chem., 82, 874-885 (1978).
      67.   A. Ben-Naim, Temperature, pressure and solute effect on hydrophobic
      interactions, in: Energetics and Structure of Halophilic Microorganisms (S.R.
      Kaplan and M. Ginzburg, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam (1978).
      68.   A. Ben-Naim and J. Wilf, A direct measurement of intramolecular hydrophobic
      interactions, J. Chem. Phys., 70, 771-777 (1979).
      69.   Z. Elkoshi and A. Ben-Naim, A one-dimensional model for demonstration
      hydrophobic interaction, J. Chem. Phys., 70, 1552-1559 (1979).
      70.   J. Wilf and A. Ben-Naim, Intramolecular hydrophobic interaction in light and
      heavy water, J. Chem. Phys.,70, 3079-3081 (1979).
      71.   A. Ben-Naim and J. Wilf, Solubilities and hydrophobic interactions, in aqueous
      solutions of monoalkylbenzene molecules, J. Phys. Chem., 84, 583-586 (1980).
      72.   J. Wilf and A. Ben-Naim, Intramolecular hydrophobic interactions in water-
      ethanol systems, J. Phys. Chem., 83, 33209-3213 (1979).
      73.   A. Ben-Naim, A reply to Tanford’s comment on “Standard States in
      Thermodynamics of Transfer”, J. Phys. Chem., 83, 1083 (1979).
      74.   A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic Interactions, Plenum Press, New York (1980).
      75.   A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic interactions and structural changes in the solvent,
      Proceedings of the V International Symposium on Solute-Solute-Solvent
      Interactions, Florence, Italy, 1980, Inorg. Chem. Acta Letters, 40, 35 (1980).
      76.   A. Ben-Naim and F.H. Stillinger, Critical micelle concentration and the size-
      distribution of surfactant aggregates, J. Phys. Chem., 84, 2872-2876 (1980).
      77.   F.H. Stillinger and A. Ben-Naim, Statistical thermodynamics of micellar
      solutions, J. Chem. Phys., 74, 2510-2517 (1981).
      78.   K. Birdi and A. Ben-Naim, Standard free energy of transfer of a solute from
      water into micelles, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 77, 741-750 (1981).
      79.   A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic interactions, an overview, in: Proceedings of the
      International Symposium on Solution Behavior of Surfactants, June 1980 in
      Potsdam, New York (E.J. Fendler and K.L. Mittal., eds.), Plenum Press, New
      York (1982).
      80.   A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic interactions in biological systems, in:  Topics in
      Molecular Pharmacology (G.C.K. Roberts and A. Burgen, eds.), Elsevier North-
      Holland Biochemical Press, New York (1982).
      81.   A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic interactions and their significance in biological
      systems, Proceedings of the VI-International Symposium on Solute-Solute-
      Solvent Interactions.  Osaka Japan (1982), in:  Ions and Molecules in Solutions
      (N. Tanaka, H. Ohtadi, and R. Tamamushi, eds.), pp. 383-396, Elsevier Science
      Publishers, Amsterdam (1982).
      82.   A. Ben-Naim, Computation of the micelle-size-distribution from experimental
      measurements, in:  Proceedings of the International Symposium on Surfactants
      in Solutions, Lund, Sweden (1982), (B. Lindman and K.L. Mittal, eds.) Plenum
      Press, New York (1982).
      83.   A. Ben-Naim, The application of the Kirkwood-Buff theory to the problem of
      hydrophobic interaction, Faraday Symposium No. 17, Reading (1982).
      84.   A. Ben-Naim and J. Wilf, Solubilization of paraffin gases in aqueous solutions
      of sodium octanoate, J. Solution Chem., 12, 671-683 (1983).
      85.   A. Ben-Naim and J. Wilf, Solubility and thermodynamics of solution of argon
      in aqueous solutions of sodium octanoate and in sodium dodecyl-sulfate, J.
      Solution Chem., 12, 861-868 (1983).
      86.   A. Ben-Naim and Y. Marcus, Solubility and thermodynamics of solution of
      xenon in liquid-n-alkanes, J. Chem. Phys., 80, 4438-4440 (1984).
      87.   A. Ben-Naim and Y. Marcus, Solvation thermodynamics of non-ionic solutes, J.
      Chem. Phys., 81, 2016-2028 (1984).
      88.   A. Ben-Naim, Solvation thermodynamics of completely dissociable solutes, J.
      Phys. Chem., 89, 3791-3798 (1985).
      89.   A. Ben-Naim and R. Battino, Solubilization of methane, ethane, propane and n-
      butane in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl-sulfate, J. Solution Chem., 14, 1-
      10 (1985).
      90.   A. Ben-Naim, Solvation thermodynamics of water in aqueous solutions,  Part I:
      Theory and limiting effect.  J. Chem. Phys., 82, 4662-4667 (1985).
      91.   A. Ben-Naim. Solvation thermodynamics of water in aqueous solutions, Part II:
      Water ethanol mixtures, J. Chem. Phys.,  82, 4668-4669 (1985).
      92.   A. Ben-Naim, Solvation thermodynamics of water in aqueous solutions, Part
      III:  Ionic solutions, J. Chem. Phys., 82, 4670-4672 (1985).
      93.   Y. Marcus and A. Ben-Naim, A study of the structure of water and its
      dependence on solutes based on the isotope effects on solvation
      thermodynamics in water,  J. Chem. Phys., 83, 4744-4759 (1985).
      94.   A. Ben-Naim, Solvation thermodynamics of inert gas molecules in inert gas
      liquids, J. Phys. Chem., 89, 5738-5743 (1985).
      95.   A. Ben-Naim, Solvation Thermodynamics, Plenum Press, NY (1987).
      96.   A. Ben-Naim, On the role of water in molecular recognition and self-assembly,
      Proc. Indian Academy of Science, 98, 357-377 (1987).
      97.   A. Ben-Naim, Is mixing a thermodynamic process?  Am. J. Phys., 55, 725-733
      (1987).
      98.   A. Ben-Naim, Mixing and assimilation in systems of interacting particles, Am.
      J. Phys., 55, 105-109 (1987).
      99.   A. Ben-Naim, Theory of preferential solvation of nonelectrolytes, Cell
      Biophys., 12, 255-259 (1988).
      100. A. Ben-Naim, K.L. Ting and R.L. Jernigan, Solvation thermodynamics of
      proteins Part I.  Separation of the volume and surface interactions, Biopolymers,
      28, 1309-1325.
      101. A. Ben-Naim, K.L. Ting and R.L. Jernigan, Solvation thermodynamics of
      proteins Part II, Correlations between functional groups, Biopolymers, 28,
      1327-1337 (1989).
      102. A. Ben-Naim, K.L. Ting and R.L. Jernigan, Solvent effect on binding
      Thermodynamics, Biopolymers, 29, 901-919 (1990).
      103. A. Ben-Naim, Preferential solvation in two component systems. J. Phys. Chem.,
      93, 3809-3813 (1989).
      104. A. Ben-Naim, Solvent-induced interactions: Hydrophobic and hydrophilic
      Phenomena,  J. Chem. Phys., 90, 7412-7525 (1989).
      105. A. Ben-Naim, Solvent effects on protein association and protein folding,
      Biopolymers, 29, 567-596. (1990)
      106. Mihaly Mezei and A. Ben-Naim, Calculation of the potential of mean force
      between water molecules in fixed relative orientation in liquid water, J. Chem.
      Phys.,  92, 1359-61 (1990).
      107. A. Ben-Naim, Solvent induced forces in protein folding, J. Phys. Chem., 94,
      6893-6895 (1990).
      108. A. Ben-Naim, On the role of hydrogen-bonds in protein folding and protein
      association,  J. Phys. Chem., 95, 1473-1444 (1990).
      109. A. Ben-Naim, Inversion of the Kirkwood-Buff Theory of solutions and its
      applications in Advances in Thermodynamics Volume 2, Eds. A.G. Mansoori
      and E. Malleoli, Taylor and Francis, New York, 211-227 (1990).
      110. A. Ben-Naim, Preferential solvation in two, and in three-component systems,
      Pure and Applied Chemistry, 62, 25-34 (1990).
      111. A. Ben-Naim, Strong forces between Hydrophilic Macromolecules;
      Implications in Biological Systems.  J. Chem. Phys.,  93, 8196-8210 (1991)
      112. A. Ben-Naim, Statistical Thermodynamics for Chemists and Biochemists,
      Plenum Press, New York (1992).
      113. A. Ben-Naim, Effects on Protein Folding and Protein-Protein Association, Proc.
      International Workshop on Water-Biomolecule Interactions, Palmero, Italy (1992).
      114. A. Ben-Naim, Solvent Effects on Protein Stability and Protein Association, in:
      Protein-Solvent Interactions.  Chapter 9. 387-420, Editor, R.B. Gregory, Marcel
      Dekker Inc. New York (1995).
      115. A. Ben-Naim, Solvation Thermodynamics of Biomolecules, in Water and
      Biological Macromolecules, in: Topics in Molecular and Structural Biology ed.
      E. Westhof, Vol. 17, 430-459 (1993).
      116. A. Ben-Naim and R. Mazo, Size Dependence of the Solvation Free Energies of
      Large Solutes, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 10829-834 (1993).
      117. J. Wilf and A. Ben-Naim, A Direct Measure of Hydrophilic Interaction. J. Phys.
      Chem., 98, 8594-95 (1994).
      118. A. Ben-Naim, Solvation:  From small to macromolecules, in Current Opinion in
      Structural Biology, 4, 264-268 (1994).
      119. S. Durell, B.R. Brooks, and  A. Ben-Naim, Solvent Induced Forces Between
      Two Hydrophilic Groups, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 2198-2202 (1994).
      120. A. Ben-Naim, Solvation of Large Molecules; Some Exact Results on the
      Dependence on Volume and Surface Area of the Solute, Biophysical Chemistry,
      51, 203-216 (1994).
      121. A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Forces in Protein Folding, in Structure
      and Reactivity in Aqueous Solutions, edited by C.J. Cramer and D.G. Truhlar,
      ACS Symposium Series 568, 371-380 (1994).
      122. Hongwu Wang and  A. Ben-Naim, Solvation and Solubility of Globular
      Proteins, J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 1077-1086 (1997)
      123. Hongwu Wang and A. Ben-Naim, A Possible Involvement of Solvent Induced
      Interactions in Drug Design, J. Medicinal Chemistry, 39, 1531-1539 (1996).
      124. Bohbot and  A. Ben-Naim, A simple Equilibrium Model for Allosteric
      Regulatory Enzymes, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 15544-48 (1995).
      125. A. Ben-Naim, Cooperativity in Small Molecular Systems: Symmetric
      Dicarboxylic Acids.  Research Trends.  Current Topics in Solution Chemistry 2,
      95-123 (1997).
      126. A. Ben-Naim and R. Mazo, Size Dependence of the Solvation Gibbs Energies;
      A critique of some recent publication,  J. Phys. Chem., B 101, 11221-225
      (1997).
      127. A Ben-Naim and R.A. Lovett,  The Solvation Free Energy of a Hard Sphere
      Solute in a Square-Well Solvent as a Function of Solute Size. J. Phys. Chem.,
      B101, 10535-541 (1997).
      128. A. Ben-Naim, Statistical Potentials Extracted from Protein Structures:  Are
      these Meaningful Potentials? J. Chem. Phys., 107, 3698-3706 (1997).
      129. A. Ben-Naim, Coooperativity in Binding of  Proteins to DNA. J. Chem. Phys.,
      107, 10242-52 (1997).
      130. A. Ben-Naim, Solvation and Solubility of  Globular Proteins, Pure and Applied
      Chem., 69, 2239-43 (1997).
      131. A. Ben-Naim, Spurious Cooperativity in Alkylated Succinic Acids. J. Chem.
      Phys., 108, 3630-3647 (1998).
      132. A. Ben-Naim, Cooperativity in Binding of Proteins to DNA, Part II: Binding of
      Bacteriophage l-Repressor to the Left and to the Right Operators, J. Chem.
      Phys.,  108, 6937-6946 (1998).
      133. A. Ben-Naim, A Measure of the Average Cooperativity of a Binding System,
      J. Chem. Phys., 109, 7443-7449 (1998).
      134. A. Ben-Naim, Cooperativity and Regulation in Biochemical Systems,
      Kluwer/Plenum Publ. New-York  2001.
      135. A. Ben-Naim, Water a unique liquid (unpublished).
      136. A. Ben-Naim, Utility Function and Cooperativity in Binding Systems,  J. Chem.
      Phys., 114, 10212-10224 (2001).
      137. A. Ben-Naim, On the Evolution of the Concept of Solvation Thermodynamics,
      J. Solution Chemistry, 30, 475-489 (2001)
      138. A. Ben-Naim, Molecular Recognition-Viewed Through the Eyes of the Solvent,
      Biophysical Chemistry, 101-102, 309-319, 2002
      139. A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Phenomena in Biochemical Systems,
      Biophysical Chemistry, 105, 183-193, 2003.
      140. Predota Milan, A. Ben-Naim and Ivo Nezbeda , On the Independence of the
      Solvation of Interaction Sites of a Water Molecule, J. Chem. Phys., 118, 6446-
      6454, 2003.
      141. A. Ben-Naim,  Molecular Theory of Solutions, Oxford University Press  (2006).
      142. A. Ben-Naim, Entropy of Mixing and Entropy of Assimilation, an Information-
      Theoretical  Prospective, Amer. J. of Physics, 74,1126-1135, (2006).
      143. A. Ben-Naim, Local and Non-Local Correlations in Liquids and in Liquid-
      Mixtures, Chemical Physics, 331, 283-288, (2007)
      144. A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophilic Interactions in Protein-protein association, J. Chem.
      Phys., 125, 024901,1-10), 2006,
      145. A. Ben-Naim,  A critique of Some Recent Suggestions for Correcting the
      Kirkwood-Buff Integrals, J. Phys. Chem. B, 111, 2896-292 (2007)
      146. A. Ben-Naim, Reply to comment by Matteoli and Lepori, J. Phys. Chem. B,
      111, 3072  (2007)
      147. A. Ben-Naim, Entropy-Demystified, The Second Law Reduced to Plain
      Common Sense, World Scientific, Singapore 2007.
      148. A. Ben-Naim, A Farewell to Entropy, Statistical Thermodynamics Based on
      Information, World Scientific, Singapore (2008).
      149.   A. Ben-Naim, On the So-Called Gibbs Paradox, and on the Real Paradox,
      Entropy, Vol- 9,132-136 (2007).
      150    A. Ben-Naim, One Dimensional Model of Water and Aqueous Solutions,
      Part I: Pure liquid Water, J. Chem. Phys., 128, 024505(2008)
      151    A. Ben-Naim, One Dimensional model of Water and Aqueous Solutions,
      Part II: Solvation of Simple Solutes, J. Chem. Phys., 128, 022406 (2008).
      152.   A. Ben-Naim, Local and Global Properties of Mixtures in One-Dimensional
      Systems, Part I: Mixtures of Two simple Components, J. Chem. Phys., 128,
      084510(2008)
      153.  A. Ben-Naim, Comment on “The Kirkwood-Buff Theory of Solutions and the
      Local Composition in Liquid Mixtures”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112, 5874(2008).
      154.   A. Ben-Naim, A. M Navarro and J. M. Leal, A Kirkwood–Buff analysis of local properties of solutions Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 2451-2460 (2008).
      155.  A. Ben-Naim, One Dimensional model of Water and Aqueous Solutions,
      Part III: Solvation of Hard Rods in aqueous Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys.,  
      128,164507(2008).
      156.   A. Ben-Naim and R. Mountain, Pair correlation Functions in Mixtures of
      Lennard-Jones particles, J. Chem. Phys., (2008).
      157.   A. Ben-Naim, An Information-Theoretical View of the Second Law of
      Thermodynamics. J. Chem. Education, 86,99-105,(2009).
      158.  A. Ben-Naim, Kirkwood-Buff integrals for one component liquids, J. Chem.
      Phys.,128, 23401 (2008).        
      159. A. Ben-Naim, One Dimensional model of Water and Aqueous Solutions,
      Part IV: A study of “hydrophobic Interactions” J. Chem. Phys., 129,104506
      (2008).
      160.  A. Ben-Naim and V.K Shen, Pair Correlation functions in two-component
      system, J. Chem. Phys.,129,194514-6 (2008).
      161    A. Ben-Naim,   Molecular Theory of Water and Aqueous Solutions:
      Understanding Water,  World Scientific (2009).
      162.   A. Ben-Naim, and Andres Santos, Local and Global Properties of Mixtures in
      One-Dimensional Systems, Part II: Exact results for the Kirkwood-Buff
      Integrals, J. Chem. Phys., 131, 164512 (2009).
      163.   Alexander Lyubartsev and Arieh Ben-Naim, One Dimensional model of Water
      and Aqueous Solutions, Part V: Monte Carlo Simulations of Hard Rod in
      Water-Like Solutions, J. Chem. Phys., 131,204507 (2009).
      164.   A. Ben-Naim, Discover Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics,
      World Scientific, Singapore (2010).
      165.   A. Ben-Naim and Roberta Ben-Naim, Alice’s Adventures in Waterland, World
      Scientific Singapore,(2011)
      166.   A. Ben-Naim, Molecular Theory of Water and Aqueous Solutions, Part II,
      The role of Water in Protein Folding, Self-assembly and Molecular Recognition, World Scientific (2011)
      167. A. Ben-Naim, Entropy, Order or Information J. Chem. education Vol. 88, pp 594-96, (2011)
      168. A. Ben-Naim, Pitfalls in Anfinsen's Thermodynamic Hypothesis, Chemical Physics Letters, 511, 126 -128 (2011)
      169. A. Ben-Naim, Some Aspects of Protein Folding Examined in One Dimensional
      Model, J. Chem. Phys. 135,085104 -15 (2011)
      170. A. Ben-Naim, Entropy and the Second Law, Interpretation and Miss-Interpretationsss, World Scientific, Singapore (2012)
      171. A Ben-Naim, Some No Longer Unknown of Science, Open Journal of Biophysics. 2, 9-11(2012)
      172.  The Rise and Fall of the Hydrophobic Effect in Protein Folding and Protein-Protein Association, and Molecular Recognition. Open Journal of Biophysics.1, pp 1-7 (2011)
      173.  A. Ben-Naim, Levinthal's Paradox Revisited and Dismissed , Open Journal of Biophysics,2,23-32,  (2012),
      174.  A. Ben-Naim, Levinthal's Question Revisited, and Answered, Journal of Bio Molecular Structure and Dynamics 30,114-.124, (2012).
      175.  A. Ben-Naim, Shannon's Measure of Information and the Thermodynamic Entropy, in: Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering, AIP Conf. Proc. 1443, 129-142 (2012).
      176.  A. Ben-Naim and Roberta Ben-Naim, Alice's Adventures in Molecular Biology.
      World Scientific, Singapore, (2013).
      177. A. Ben-Naim, The Protein Folding Problem and its Solutions, World Scientific (2013)
      178. A. Ben-Naim, Global and Local Properties of Mixtures: An Extended Paradigm for the study of Mixtures, A Chapter in a book:  Fluctuation Theory of Solutions, edited by P. Smith, E. Matteoli and J.P. O’Connell, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis, New York (2013).
      179.  A. Ben-Naim, Water’s Contribution in Providing Strong Solvent-Induced Forces in Protein Folding. A Chapter in a book edited by P. Ball and E. Ben Jacob, Eur. Phys. A Special Topics,1-20, (2013).
      180. A. Ben-Naim, Theory of Cold Denaturation of Proteins, Advances in Biological Chemistry, 3, 29-39 2013).
      181.  A. Ben-Naim, Responses to Comments on  Levinthal's Question Revisited, and Answered, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics,30,113-124 (2012).
      182. A. Ben-Naim, Theoretical Aspects of Pressure and Solute Denaturation of Proteins, A Kirkwood-Buff Approach J. Chem. Phys. 137, 235102-8 (2012).
      183.  A. Ben-Naim, Inversion of the Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Paradigm Demystifies the Protein Folding and Self-Assembly of Problems. International Journal of Physics, Vol. 1, No. 3, 66-71(2013).
      184.  A. Ben-Naim, Theoretical aspects of self-assembly of proteins: A Kirkwood-Buff-theory approach. J. Chem. Phys. 138, 224906,1-8, (2013).
      185.  A. Ben-Naim,   Myths and verities in protein folding theories
             Part I: Anfinsen hypothesis and the search for the absolute minimum in the Gibbs energy landscape, Journal of Advances in Chemistry, Vol 3, No. 2, 197-204 (2013).
      186.  A. Ben-Naim, The Kirkwood Superposition Approximation, Revisited and reexamined,  Journal of Advances in Chemistry, Vol 1, No. 1, 27-35 (2013).
      187.  A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophilic interactions; their Origin, their Magnitude and their Relevance to Protein Folding, Journal of Advances in Chemistry, Vol 3, No.2, 161-173 (2013).
      188. A. Ben-Naim, Solvent-Induced Forces in Protein Folding. Reflections on the Protein Fording Problem, Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Vol 18,502-509( 2013).
      189.  A. Ben-Naim, Myths and Verities in Protein Folding Theories
             Part II: From Kauzmann’s conjecture to the dominance of the hydrophobic effect, Journal of Advances in Chemistry, Vol 3, No. 2, 205-212 (2013).
      190.    A. Ben-Naim, Myths and Verities in protein folding theories.
                From frank and Evans iceberg-conjecture to explanation of the hydrophobic effect. J Chem. Phys. 139, 165105(2013).
      191.   A. Ben-Naim, Discover Probability; How to Use it, How to Avoid Misusing it and How it Affects Every Aspect of Your Life, World Scientific, Singapore (Book,2014).
      192.     A. Ben-Naim, Statistical Thermodynamics, with Applications to Life Sciences, World Scientific, Singapore (Book , 2014).
      193.   A. Ben-Naim, Comment on a Paper: “Ben-Naim’s ‘Pitfalls’: Don Quixote’s Windmill”, by Y. Fang, Open Journal of Biophysics, Vol 3, 13-21(2013).
      194.  A. Ben-Naim, Information, Entropy, Life and the Universe. What we know and what we do not know, World Scientific, Singapore (2015).
      195.   A. Ben-Naim, Myths and Verities in Protein Folding Theories, World Scientific, Singapore (2016).
      196.   A. Ben-Naim, The Briefest History of Time: The History of Histories of Time, And the misconstrued association between Entropy and Time, World Scientific, Singapore (2016).
      197.     A. Ben-Naim, Entropy, The Truth, the Whole Truth and Nothing but the Truth, World Scientific, Singapore  (2016)   
      198.   A. Ben-Naim, and D Casadei, Modern Thermodynamics, World Scientific, Singapore (2016)                                                 
      199. A. Ben-Naim, Entropy, Shannon’s Measure of Information and Boltzmann’s H-Theorem, in Entropy, 19, 48-66, (2017).  
      200.  A. Ben-Naim, Information Theory. Part I: An Introduction to the fundamental      concepts, World Scientific, Singapore (2017)
      201.   A. Ben-Naim, The Four Laws that do not Drive the Universe, For the Curious and intelligent, World Scientific, Singapore (2017)
      202.  A. Ben-Naim, Toward a Paradigm Change from Hydrophobic to Hydrophilic Effects in Protein Folding, Current Topics in Peptides and Proteins Research, Vol 17, 91-104(2016)
      203. S. R. Durell and A. Ben-Naim, Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Forces in Protein Folding, Biopolymers 10, DOI: 10.1002/bip.23020 (2017)
      204. A. Ben-Naim, Is Entropy Associated with the Arrow of Time? arXiv: 1705.01467, (2017)
      205. A. Ben-Naim, Can entropy be defined for and the Second Law applied to the entire universe?  arXiv:1705.01100 (2017)
      206. A. Ben-Naim, Can entropy be defined for and the Second Law applied to living systems?  arXiv: 1705.02461 (2017)> arXiv:1705.02461
      207.   A. Ben-Naim, Time’s Arrow (?)   The Timeless Nature of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Lulu Publishing Services, (2018)
      208.   A. Ben-Naim, Comprehensive Reviews: Parts I and II: From Decoding to Programing the Universe. Lulu Publishing Services, (2018)
      209. A. Ben-Naim, Comprehensive Reviews: Parts III and IV:  From Eternity to Here and to the Big Picture. Lulu Publishing Services, (2018)
      210.  A. Ben-Naim, Comprehensive Reviews: Parts V and VI, On Probability of God and Proof of Heaven, Lulu Publishing Services, (2018)
      212.  A. Ben-Naim, Entropy for smart Kids, and Their Curious Parents, Cambridge Scholar Publishers, Cambridge, UK (2019)
      213. Thomas C. Allison and A. Ben-Naim (2013), Solvation Thermodynamic
      Quantities for Pure Fluids, NIST Special Publication.
      214.  A. Ben-Naim,  On the Validity of the Assumption of Local Equilibrium in Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics arXiv:1803.03398 (2018)
      215.  A. Ben-Naim, The Lock and Key Model for Molecular Recognition. Is it Time for a Paradigm Shift? arXiv:1806.03499 (2018)
      216. A. Ben-Naim, An Informational Theoretical Approach to the Entropy of Liquids and Solutions, Entropy, 20, 514 (2018)
      217. A. Ben-Naim, Solvent Effects and the Lock and Key Model for Molecular Recognition, International Journal of Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Volume 1 (2018)
      218. A. Ben-Naim Entropy and Information Theory: Uses and Misuses, Entropy
             21,1-20, 1170 (2019)
      219.  A. Ben-Naim, Time for Everyone and Time for Everything, Independent publisher, Amazon (2020)
      220. A. Ben-Naim, Entropy: Entropy: The Greatest Blunder in the History of Science, Independent publisher, Amazon (2020)
      221. A. Ben-Naim, Entropy and Time, Entropy, 22, 430, (2020)
      222. A. Ben-Naim, Solvent-Induced Effects on Protein Folding, Chapter in Water in Biochemical and Related System, edited by Adam Gadomski, Springer Nature, Switzerland (2020)
      223. A.  Ben-Naim, Z. Kirson and J. A. Sordo, Water in Life, and Life in Water, World Scientific, Singapore (2021)
      224. A. Ben-Naim. Best Sellers Selling Confusion on Entropy, Information, Life and The Universe, Independent publisher, Amazon (2021)
      225. A. Ben-Naim, Time for smart Kids, and Their Curious Parents, Independent      Publisher, Amazon (2021)
      226.  A. Ben-Naim, “Science of God,” the greatest Deception, Part I: My views on the “Science of God.” Independent publisher, Amazon (2021)
      227. A. Ben-Naim, “Science of God” The Greatest Deception. Part II: Other Authors’ views on the “Science of God.” Independent publisher, Amazon (2021)
      228. A. T. Augousti1, N. Atkins, A. Ben-Naim, S. Bignall, G. Hunter1, M.
      Tunnicliffe and A. Radosz, A new diversity index, Physical Biology, September (2021)
      229. S. R. Durell and A. Ben-Naim, Temperature Dependence of Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Forces, J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125, 48, 13137–13146, (2021)
      230. A. Ben-Naim, A new definition of Entropy based on Shannon’s Measure of Information, A chapter in Encyclopedia of Entropy Across the Disciplines, Edited by Zuhair Nashed (2021)
      231. A. Ben-Naim, The Kirkwood-Buff Theory and Selected Applications, In preparation for publication (2022)
      232. A. Lazaric, K Fuegner, A. Ben-Naim, M. Heyden, Non-Additive Solvation Free Energy Effects for Poly-Substituted Benzene Derivatives, Submitted for publication (2021
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This book discusses entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamic In such way that everyone can understand its subject matter. Entropy is one of the must interesting concepts in physics. Althought it is a well-defined concept, it is still perceived by even well-known scientists as a concept cloaked in mystery. It is also the most misused, and often abused, conncept in physics.
In order to understand entropy, one needs to understand the Shannon measure of information, and in order to grasp this idea, one must be familiar with some basic concepts of probability. Therefore, this book consists of three chapters: the first discusses probability, the second addresses information Theory, and the third considers entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Headers will discover that the Second Law is nothing but a law of probability.